A MacPherson strut typically incorporates all the following except a(n) _______.

A MacPherson strut is a common suspension design that integrates certain components to function effectively. Typically, it includes several elements such as a bump stop, which prevents excessive downward travel of the strut, and an upper and lower spring seat, which provide structural support for the coil spring that sits over the strut. Additionally, a dust cover is included to protect the strut assembly from dirt and debris that could lead to wear and failure.

However, what distinguishes the MacPherson strut from other suspension designs is its lack of an upper control arm. The strut itself serves as both a shock absorber and a structural component that connects the wheel hub to the vehicle's frame, which eliminates the need for a separate upper control arm for locating the wheel. This simplicity is one of the reasons for its widespread use in many modern vehicles. The absence of this control arm is a defining characteristic of the MacPherson strut suspension system, making it different from more complex suspension setups that do utilize both upper and lower control arms for wheel placement and alignment.